Analysis of Word Processing Programmes

Analysis of Word Processing Programmes WORD PROCESSING:Â  AN INTRODUCTION Word Processing is a computer application which allows a document to be created, edited, stored and printed. By clicking within any document with your mouse you can add or delete content and graphics. There are several different types of Word processing programs. Microsoft Word is one of the most popular and frequently used applications. It is generally the best package to buy because it is part of Microsoft Office Suite, which includes PowerPoint and Excel; it is also cost effective and is easy and practical to use. [2] Text Manipulation is being able to change the appearance of the text in a word document using the Font Icons. These icons are; fonts, size, font styles and enhancement (such as colour). These changes can be done by highlighting specific text, whole paragraphs or the entire document and clicking on the appropriate icon in the tool bar. [3] Work Processing has a default writing style and size. In order to change either of these, click on the down arrow and different fonts will appear. Select the font desired. To the right of the font box, the size of the font can be selected and changed by using the down arrow and selecting the size suitable for the document you are working on. Sizes 10 and 12 are the most commonly used for letters and documents and larger sizes are used for headings.[4] The Font styles found in the toolbar are Italic, Bold, Underline, Strikethrough, Superscript and Subscript. Text effects, Highlight and font colour are also here. BOLD style can be applied by selecting the text to appear in bold and pressing the B button. Similarly, using the italics and underline button can change the appearance of the text. Colour can also be found here and used to enhance the appearance of the document. Formatting a document is the layout of a document. There are several applications that can help in doing this. Alignment Margins Spacing Indenting Layout Borders Headers Footers The Alignment of text in a document shows where the text sits in that document. Text can be aligned in several different ways. Left Alignment: This the default position in word processing where the text is lined up with the left edge of the page. It is often used for the date and address on letters. Right Alignment: the text is lined up with the right edge of the page. This can also be used for addressing letters. Centre Alignment: the text is placed in the middle of the document. This is used for headings, where centering is required. Justification Alignment: text is lined up with both left and right hand edges of the page. This layout is seen in newspapers.[5] To use Alignment on text, highlight the section to be aligned. To highlight the full document use Ctrl + A. Then click on the Home page; go to the Paragraph box and click on the alignment needed.[6] Using the arrow on the right hand corner of the paragraph box, alignment can be set manually also. Line spacing in Word Processing can be set as a single space between lines of text in a paragraph, to any appropriate space needed. The default space setting is 1.15, which makes text more readable. Go to Home in address bar. Click on the downward arrow. A list of options allows a line spacing value to be chosen. Specific spacing options can be chosen. Click on the downward arrow in the corner of the Paragraph box. The menu allows specific line-spacing values to be set from the Spacing area of the menu. The Multiple Line Spacing menu, along with At, allows spacing to be customised. Click ok when values are chosen.[7] Go to Mailings in the ribbon bar. Click on the Start Mail Merge arrow. Select Labels from the drop-down menu. Within the application that opens, choose the appropriate sized label and click ok. Â   Â   The label selected will appear in box. Go to Select Recipients and select from the drop-down menu that appears. Click on the appropriate line. This will link both labels and addresses. Ensure cursor is present in the first cell. Click on Insert Merge Field and insert each line of address. Click on Update Labels and this address will appear in each cell. Click on Preview Results to check addresses are correctly placed. To change the alignment of address, highlight all the cells; go to Tools Bar; click on Layout and choose appropriate alignment. Click on Finish Merge icon.[8] Tabs are used for lining up text. Set by placing the cursor on the ruler bar across the top of the page. Click at each point on the lower line where a tab is needed. The pre-set tabs will disappear and the tabs needed for the document are left. When the tab key is pressed, the cursor will move to the next tab point.[9] Tab stops can be set precisely to customise a document by using the Tabs dialog box. Go to Page Layout Click on the corner downward arrow in the Paragraph box. In the dropdown Menu, click on Tabs button. Set parameters in the Tab box: In Tab stop position, select location of Tab. In Alignment, select type of Tab stop. In Leader box select type needed. Click Set. Graphics is the display and manipulation of pictures in Word Processing. Word Processing allows pictures to be drawn or imported from several different sources; e.g., Online pictures, personal photos stored on the computer, Clipart, SmartArt, and Screenshots. Graphics are used to support text, to make it more interesting and to enliven the document.[10] Go to INSERT on the address bar. In the Illustrations box, graphics can be accessed from the different sources. To Access graphics from the Internet Go to Illustrations. Click on Online Pictures. Type in Search box required image. Select image and click Insert. [11] Tables in Word Processing are made-up of rows and columns. They are easy to create and using tables in Word Processing is made easy by the variety of features present which allows the user to present professional looking tables.[12] Creating a Table Place your cursor where you want the table to be. Go to INSERT in the address column. Click on downward arrow in Table box. Click on Insert Table Insert Table dialog box appears Put in parameters required Click ok. Table now appears in document[13] To increase the number of cells, rows and columns can be done with the click of a button. To add a row to a Table place your cursor in the cell above where you want the row to appear. Go to Table Tools click on Layout Click on Insert below To add a column, place the cursor in the column beside which you the column to appear. Go to Table Tools Click on Layout Click on Insert Right or Insert Left[14] File Handling and File Management File management and Handling is how data is organised on a computer system. By naming, storing and handling files logically, they can be retrieved easily and conveniently.[15] There are several functions in file management /handling that allow creating, deleting and maintaining files.[16] Folders Save Save As File Type; e.g. Word 2010, PDF Folders To create a folder Right click on the desktop Click on New in the dropdown menu Name Folder Each Folder has a unique name. Sub folders can be create within a folder. Files are stored within folders. Save Save As The Save button is used when you are making changes to an existing document and you want to save the changes you make. Save As is used when you have saving information into a file. [1] https://tepfenhart506.wordpress.com/lesson-plan/ accessed 28/09/16 [2] http://techterms.com/definition/wordprocessor [3] Creative Training, Word Processing QQI level 5 accessed 29/09/16 [4] http://www.nuim.ie/staff/dpringle/gis/HDip/hdgis04.pdf accessed 30/09/16 5 Creative Training, Word Processing, QQ1 Level 5 accessed 30/09/16 [5] Creative Training, Word Processing, QQI Level 5 accessed 04/10/2016 [6] https://support.office.com/en-ie/article/Format-a-document-in-Word-2016-780772c6-9506-4081-afd1-aff9aab19f5f [7] Creative Training, Word Processing, QQI Level accessed 06/10/16 [8] Creative Training, Word Processing, QQI Level 5 accessed 05/10/16 [9] www.compukiss.com/tutorials/word-processing-basic-terminology.html accessed 05/10/16 [10] http://howtogeek.com/school/microsoft-word accessed 05/10/16 [11] http://year9top10.wikispaces.com/top+ten+web+pages [12] http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/software/word_processor/miniweb/pg14.htm accessed 06/10/16 [13] Creative Training, Word Processing, QQI Level 5 accessed 06/10/16 [14] Creative Training, Word Processing, QQI Level 5 accessed 07/10/16 [15] http://www.dpbestflow.org/file-management/file-management-overview [16] https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop.aspx

Moral Truth

Moral Truth What is Moral truth? In Sam Harris’ book â€Å"The Moral Landscape†, he explains his ideas on moral truth. He explains that moral truth is so complex because of personal whim, and cultural influence. He explains his ideas of moral truth through science, objective and subjective, and consensus and consciousness. With these ideas Harris is able to define moral truth to his best ability, because it is such a difficult subject to understand. In the chapter on moral truth, Harris explains moral truth with the use of science.He states in the book â€Å"science can, in Principe, help us understand what we should do, and should want-and, therefore, what other people should do and want in order to live the best lives possible. â€Å"In other words, He believes that like science, there are right and wrong answers to moral truth. He then explains that science should help us answer moral questions. His other idea is that science is based on our best guess of what it i s and moral truth is the same. Moral truth is also just our best guess of what is right and wrong.Harris is trying to say that moral truth, like science, can have a framework in which we believe is correct, but can always change. Harris explains in the book that the terms â€Å"objective† and â€Å"subjective† are very different. Objective means that a person is using to bias when they are making a statement. He uses the example of having a ringing in his ear. This is a subjective statement, however, is objective because he is not lying. From this idea of the ringing in the ear, he explains that this is a way that we can study depression.We can determine brain states with reference, to person’s subjective thoughts. Finally in the chapter, he explores the ideas of consensus and consciousness. He explains that scientific consensus as scientific controversy that work needs to be done. For example, â€Å"moral controversy proves that there can be no such thing as m oral truth while moral consensus shows only that human beings often harbor the same biases† this idea is basically saying that often people will think differently than others and this creates bias among people.Harris explains that truth has nothing to do with moral consensus, because often one person can be right, while a crowd is wrong. Harris then goes on to explain his ideas on consciousness. He explains that people have moral truth because they are conscious creatures. His understanding of a conscious being is that â€Å"consciousness is only intelligible domain of value. † All in all, Harris believes that moral truth is similar to science because it must be backed up by evidence and often consists of educated guesses.He explains that objective and subjective are very different, however; can often be used in the same ways. Finally, consensus and consciousness outline the basis of moral truth, because without them moral truth would not exist according to Harris. He b elieves that consensus means that only humans can have the same bias, and consciousness shows that only people with consciousness can have moral truth.

Operation Ceasefire A Problem Oriented Policing...

Abstract Operation Ceasefire is a problem-oriented policing intervention aimed at reducing youth homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston. Project design began in 1995 and it was implemented in 1996. It is based on the â€Å"pulling levers† deterrence strategy that focuses criminal justice attention on a small number of chronically offending gang-involved youth responsible for much of Boston’s youth homicide problem. This paper will explore the problem Operation Ceasefire is trying to solve and examine the effectiveness of its implementation through the assessment of the 7 stages of the model. Stage 1: Analyzing the Problem There was a clear need for change in Boston as youth gun violence had risen dramatically in the years leading up to Operation Ceasefire. Between 1984 and 1994, juvenile homicide victimizations committed with handguns increased by 418 percent, and juvenile homicide victimizations committed with other guns increased 125 percent (Braga, Kennedy, Waring, and Piehl 2001). During this time period, young adults (ages 18 to 24) had the largest absolute increase in homicide commission and victimization, while adolescents (ages 14 to 17) had the highest proportional increase in numbers, and with a great deal of crossfire between the two age groups (Braga, Kennedy, Waring, and Piehl 2001). The history of this problem primarily focuses on the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the rate of youth homicides increased dramatically for many cities. Specifically inShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness Of Gang Prevention Programs Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesstrategy, proble m-solving policing, and situational crime prevention. Deterrence strategy or theory states that crimes can be prevented when the costs of committing the crime are perceived by the offender to outweigh the benefits of committing the crime (Braga et al., 2001). Programs that use the theory of situational crime prevention believe that crime can be reduced by identifying and then eliminating the forces that facilitate would-be offenders’ criminal acts (Clarke, 1992). Problem-oriented policingRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Violence On Children3143 Words   |  13 PagesStep 1: Problem Definition (Inputs) Need for Change More than 20,000 children and youth under the age of 20 years are either killed or injured by firearms every year in the United States (Garbarino, Bradshaw, Vorrasi, 2002). Even though youth gun violence is only a part of the larger issue of youth violence, it imposes detrimental effects on our children, youth, families and overall communities. Additionally, gun violence can cost us $63 to $158 billion per year (McGarrell, Chermak, Wilson, Read MoreIs Guns Off The Streets?1159 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing armed, that they can come and go in peace, that being unarmed will not cause them to be victimized, intimidated, or slain. (Wright) Programs such as Youth Firearms Violence Initiative, Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), Project Exile, and Operation Ceasefire, have all been successful programs in removing guns off the streets. These programs have succeeded by removing firearms from the ones that are more at risk for harming and hurting others. For programs such as these to have a greaterRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Serious Concern For Many Law Enforcement Agencies Essay2260 Words   |  10 Pagesgangs may be defined as â€Å"criminal organizations formed on the street operating throughout the United States† (National Gang Intelligence Center, 2011, p. 7). Street gangs are currently one of the largest problems the American criminal justice system must face, but they are not a recent problem. Historians support the theory that groups resembling street gangs were common during the Middle Ages, and some believe that even revered figures such as Saint Augustine may have been members of gang-likeRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesFederalist Approach -Concentrates only on the problem of world order (and not national security) -World Federalist Approach says that there should be one central government to provide world order -World Federalist theorists use the United States as a basis - if whole world can be governed like the United States, then could achieve world order -Many problems with this - assumes states can be ignored into oblivion, many potential political problems -Functionalist Approach -Functionalist Approach

Ethical Decision Making Medical Indications, Patient...

Health care providers are often confronted by various ethical dilemmas in their course of practice. When a person’s values and beliefs conflicts with another person’s values and beliefs, an ethical dilemma occurs. An example of an ethical dilemma in a healthcare setting is when a nurse interacts with an elderly woman who is diagnosed with terminal breast cancer and hears that she is in a lot of pain and wishes to end her sufferings. When confronting this issue, it is beneficial to follow Jonsen’s Model of case-based approach to ethical decision-making. The model consists of four paradigms that provide a framework for analyzing a clinical ethical situation and propose a potential solution. The four paradigms are medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features. Medical Indications The first paradigm in Jonsen’s Model of case-based approach to ethical decision-making is medical indications comprising of all clinical encounters such as diagnosis, prognosis, treatment options, and an assessment of goals of care. This section incorporates the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Beneficence means placing the best interests of the patient ahead of self-interest and nonmaleficence means to do no harm or hurt (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014, p. 293). Per the ethical dilemma provided above, the elderly woman is suffering from terminal breast cancer, which is a chronic condition and nearly impossible to reverse. According to the MerriamShow MoreRelatedNursing Ethics4846 Words   |  20 Pages issue debated among healthcare professionals who routinely face lifethreatening situations. 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